We gather in this research axis various contributions where the propagation domain is very thin in 1 direction (we will say that the domain is almost 2D), or 2 directions (in this case, it is almost 1D) or a junction of such domains. The community of engineering sciences has greatly contributed to derive reduced models for such problems. We have, in the last decade, suggested some improvements, based on our expertise on asymptotic analysis (see previous axis), in particular for almost 1D models. We have also developed appropriate and efficient numerical methods for both reduced models or full 3D models. Finally, using these models in the context of scattering problems raises new mathematical questions such as radiation conditions or well-posedness.